How COVID-19 will Increase Inequality in Emerging Markets and Developing Economies

Despite the pre-pandemic gains in poverty reduction and lifespans, many of the EMDEs have struggled to reduce income inequality. At the same time, they saw persistently high shares of inactive youth (i.e., not in employment, education, or training), wide inequality in education, and large gaps remaining in economic opportunities for women. COVID-19 is expected to make inequality even worse than past crises since measures to contain the pandemic have had disproportionate effects on vulnerable workers and women.

Reform of the International Debt Architecture is Urgently Needed

The COVID-19 pandemic has pushed debt levels to new heights. Compared to end-2019, average 2021 debt ratios are projected to rise by 20 percent of GDP in advanced economies, 10 percent of GDP in emerging market economies, and about 7 percent in low-income countries.

How Strong Infrastructure Governance Can End Waste in Public Investment

COVID-19 has had a profound impact on people, firms, and economies all over the world. While countries have ramped public lifelines;to individuals and firms they will face enormous challenges to recover from the pandemic, amidst low economic activity and unprecedented levels of debts.Public infrastructure investment will play a key role in the recovery But with resources tight, governments need to spend taxpayer money wisely on the right projects. For this, countries need good infrastructure governance—strong institutions and frameworks to plan, allocate, and implement quality public infrastructure.

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